Formulation, process and device parameters explored in silico
Benchtop experiments test only a fraction of the design space.
We map the space.
The landscape shows where performance peaks, and where it falls away.
And a single parameter can change the outcome entirely.
We map the space, so you can formulate for the performance your product needs.
Measurement at the individual particle scale
Measurement demonstrates the outcomes on your own formulation, for deeper insight before scale-up.
Understand how a formulation responds to inhalation and the environment of the lung.
Particle morphology
See the outcomes of formulation and process choices directly.
Response to humidity
Observe each formulation’s own response to humidity.
Hygroscopicity sets how much, and how quickly, a particle can change during inhalation.
Our models
Single-particle insight, scaled up computationally. Our models share one physical basis, so a formulation can be followed from the particle through to where it deposits.
Understand drying and condensation in detail, capturing surface enrichment and changes in the particle size distribution.
The single-particle view compares one droplet dried slowly and dried fast: dried slowly, the solute stays evenly spread; dried fast, it concentrates at the surface, where a shell begins to form.
Understand propellant evaporation, water condensation and changes in composition in detail, for current and low global warming potential propellants.
Understand how particles take on water, dissolve and change in aerodynamic size.
Understand how the dose divides between the head and throat, the airways and the deep lung, and how much is exhaled.
What we measure
Real aerosol processes, observed with small volumes of material, from microseconds to days.
Together they show how a formulation behaves during delivery, including how its aerodynamic size can change on the way into the lung, and how particles form during spray drying and particle engineering.
Insights
Our aerosol and formulation experts work alongside your team, designing each exploration with you and interpreting the results in the context of your programme.
More detail
Read the details in our case studies and publications.